I’ve been writing these anti patterns since I started this blog and in honor of Evhead’s 10 rules for web startups I wanted to create an overview over them mostly for my own sake but also for newer readers of my blog.

An Anti Pattern is often talked about in the software development world. WikiPedia says the following:

Anti-patterns, also referred as pitfalls, are classes of commonly-reinvented bad solutions to problems. They are studied, as a category, in order that they may be avoided in the future, and that instances of them may be recognized when investigating non-working systems.

It isn’t just programmers who repeat mistakes, entrepreneurs do the same. Bootstrappers fall into a slightly special category of entrepreneurs who really can’t afford to repeat too many of these mistakes so I am collecting ones that I myself have done and also that I have seen other people do.

1. Bootstrapping a business vs playing a business

Many small businesses bootstrappers included, get caught into the trap of making yourself looking like a business. This is a big an often expensive mistake, focus on your business instead.

2. Solo techsupportitis

Many techies get so caught up in tech support for themselves, that they don’t have time for the business.

3. The evils of business plans

I have seen many startups die, because the founders spent all their time working on their business plan and not on their business.

4. Funding by plastic

Many business magazines have romanticized the idea of funding your million dollar business by applying for 20 credit cards. The only problem is that you are actually more likely out of business sooner than later as you need to make the monthly payments.

5. Believe you will succeed but don’t let optimism blind you

You should be optimistic, but you should also realize when you need to step back for a minute so you can keep your battle going tomorrow.

6. The snowblind solopreneur

More than most people solopreneurs and bootstrappers need to listen very carefully to our users. We don’t have a bunch of partners or investors to slap us in the face when necessary and believe me it is necessary at times.

7. Searching for the team

This is closely related to #3. Please, please get on with your business. The only people who are interest in you building a team are a bunch of VC’s who aren’t going to invest in you anyway at this stage.

8. Focusing on an imaginary 3 year revenue goal

As a bootstrapper you need to be focusing on small steps such as paying the rent. No one believes in these 3 year revenue goals, you shouldn’t either.

9. Using We when you should be using I

If you are a solopreneur, people will trust and respect you more being honest about who you are. Most people start writing “We…” everywhere about your services. Why not use the cluetrain to your advantage and be your own voice.

10. Talking legalese in User Agreements

If you are a software developer, you probably have a user agreement. Whatever your lawyer says, I think it is more important to respect your relationship with your customers and write in English.

Send me yours

I will no doubt think up more of these. If you have some of your own blog them or email me at [email protected].

Just stumbled over this great directory I want to of Web 2.0 apps.

It takes the approach of asking you what you want to do, such as Communicate with other people and Do things with web pages.

Larry posted some comments to the security in WideWord under the 5 steps to privacy in WideWord :

1. key in URL is a structural weakness
2. why would anyone who understands the nature of your service offering trust you not to log the things you say you won’t?
3. What benefits does your service offer that can’t be achieved more securely by potential customers for themselves?
4. Have you checked with a lawyer about what sorts of liability you may be exposing yourself to? Could you be held accessory if someone used your service to plan criminal acts?

It looks as though you have solid technical skills, but little experience in business. Also it seems as though you haven’t subjected your ideas to much critical review.

Good luck, I don’t think widewords.com is going to be successful in it’s current format, but I’m sure you’ll learn a lot.

He points out things that I’m sure others are questioning themselves as well. I’ve tried to address them below. (This can also be found as a comment on the document above as well).

Larry, The key in the url is a generally much safer design than found in other web applications. I protect the URL from sniffing by using SSL. I never log the key anywhere on disk. WideWord is an example of what is known amongst crypto geeks as capability security.

Where the weakness is on the users own machine and that is true. But that is true for just about any other secure system out there as well.

I believe that the approach taken here is much more secure than any password protected system, assuming the user maintains a reasonably secure computer.

You are absolutely right that the service does not offer better security than a word file stored on a local hard drive, however when you start sending this document around by email as is normally the case you start losing control over the security of your documents.

With WideWord you can also share a document with a potential partner and remove access later on, if it turns out it is necessary. Granted he can save a local copy, but still you have better document sharing security with WideWord that you do with your classic Microsoft Word/Outlook combo.

What I believe I have done here is create an easy to use system to improve security vastly for document sharing. PGP if used correctly is always better and more secure than WideWord, but must end users unfortunately hate PGP.

Concerning trust in me. When there is a so called trusted third party involved, he must at some point be trusted. Yes I could change the logging of the server, but I think most people trust that I wont. With respect to trust, you have to trust that Microsoft doesn’t read their customers hotmail accounts or that 37Signals don’t read their customers project files in Basecamp. Most people chose to trust these services with data that is private and important to them.

I see it as my goal to improve trust in web applications, to get some of the more paranoid users on board. There will always be a group of people who don’t trust anybody. PGP is perfect for them as they don’t mind taking the investment in learning it, it’s terminology and in teaching their collaborators how to use it.

What I have done is remove as many trust points as possible. There are far fewer points that you have to trust me on in WideWord, than in the above examples of Hotmail and Basecamp.

With regards to the legal issues, please have a look at my Usage Agreement. I aim to not give out information to anyone. Microsoft is not an accessory to a crime if someone uses word to plan out a heist, neither will I.

I refuse to censor any documents even if I am in disagreement People can censor comments to their own documents, that is their choice. If I am forced to help out with an investigation I will comply though.

As I hope you can see that I have thought through much of this. Most of what you mention are eagerly discussed in the crypto community, where I have been active for several years.

With regards to lawyers, I prefer not to use lawyers. I know they can be needed at times, but lawyers have time and time again killed innovation.

Thanks for your comments and I look forward to hearing more from you.

I am at the point, where I would like to form a US LLC. I may wait until the new year so I finish 2005 as a sole trader. I have gone over the various kinds of Legal structures for bootstrappers before.

One real pain of being in Denmark and not the US is that I can’t just buy this Nolo book and do it. I did have an LLC in the states before and used this one, which was fantastic.

One of the reason that I want to do this is that I am looking at bringing one or more partners in, using the rules I set out in 6 simple rules for micro ventures. In particular I need a good designer and possibly an admin guy I think I hit my limits a while ago.

Why do we do it? We keep writing legal language to satisfy non existant lawyers that none of can afford anyway. I am not a lawyer (hmm I smell an evil recursive argument coming along), but I think a court (at least in common law countries) looks more at the intention than the language. This is why Click through licenses and the like are not normally worth the pixels on the screen. However if you write a straight forward agreement in straight forward English (or whatever language), you have a much better case in the future as it is harder to deny understanding the terms if it is spelled out clearly.

While they might not be perfect I try to not talk legalese. Here are excerpts from the Usage Agreement for WideWord

Intro

Here you need to try and persuade the reader to read the rest of the agreement:

The following is the no nonsense plain English agreement between you and me, Pelle Brændgaard the operator of WideWord. By creating a document in WideWord you agree to be bound by this agreement. I hate reading these things as much as you do, but please try and read it I will keep it very short and as fun as possible – I promise.

it may not be perfect. In particular the first paragraph still sounds to sterile to my liking.

What do you offer?

We provide you a service where you can collaboratively write and publish documents.

Be very clear and short here. I’ve managed to do it in a single paragraph.

Are you in a beta?

Then you should write about what your users can expect now and afterwards. I think it is alright to not know everything right now, just be honest about it.

You will be able to create as many documents as you want to without limits. During the beta period, it might be that you loose your documents because of some strange but. I have done extensive testing in my secret lab and feel that this probably wont happen, but you are warned.

Copyright and such

If your site includes content created by your users you need to talk about this. I would like to go into this in more detail than I have here, but I haven’t finished thinking it all through yet so I feel what I have here is sufficient for the time being:

Your own documents remain your copyright. It is also your responsibility to obey copyright law or it might become our responsibility whether we want it or not to enforce it.

Advertising

We all need to make a living and dont be scare about admitting that to yourself or your users. If you do put advertising on the site let them know upfront:

We reserve the right to place advertising on all the pages on this site. At the moment we only provide advertising on the public pages, but we might change this in the future if we can do it while retaining your security and privacy.

Security, Data Loss etc.

Seriously be honest here. You can’t always protect yourself against everything, so just be honest about it. With regards to security it is a good idea to write a separate little article about the security of your system. In particular the user is just as much responsible for maintaining the security of his data as you are. Write it.

During the beta period I aim to provide full uptime and no loss of data, but as nothing can break a system like thousands of people doing something you didn’t think they would do, we can not guarantee it. That is what the beta period is for.

Once we leave beta we do aim to have the system as secure as possible, 99% uptime and lots of backups and redundancy. With regards to security please read my Security Page for more info about security in WideWord.

Remember that your documents are only as secure as you keep the url’s are that are stored in the initial email. Keep this email safe and secure. If you forward it to someone he has access to your document.

Disagreements, courts, jurisdiction etc.

Be flexible and human about your service and I think you probably won’t get many problems. But specify this. Courts and Lawyers almost never benefit the parties involved.

If you have a problem please write me at [email protected] . I doubt that there would ever be anything we couldn’t work out. Lets leave the lawyers billing people other than us.

See the full Usage Agreement for WideWord for more.

Please feel free to use mine as a model, of course remember to change it to your circumstances. And don’t worry if it gets me in trouble I will blog about it here.